Saturday, December 8, 2012

Another Important Step: UN GA Decision on Future Older Persons Rights Convention - El-Salvador's Initiative


The Third Committee (the GA committee that deals with human rights) voted and adopted a resolution  (A/C.3/67/L.9/Rev.1 with oral amendments) put forward by El Salvador and co-sponsored by 26 Member States from across Latin America, Africa and Asia. I am attaching the final version given to us by the El Salvador delegation. 
 As reported by AgeUK, it establishes four key developments:
 1.       The fourth session of the OEWG will be held in 2013.
2.       At that fourth session, the OEWG will consider proposals for an international legal instrument to promote and protect the rights and dignity of older people.
3.       It requests the OEWG to present the General Assembly with a proposal as soon as possible which contains the main elements to go in such an international legal instrument.
4.       It requests the UN Secretary General to submit to the OEWG a compilation of existing international legal instruments that directly or indirectly address the situation of older people.
This is an incredibly important development. It means that the OEWG can now start focusing directly on a what a new legal instrument, ie a convention, might look like. It’s not setting up a drafting committee but it is one step further in the long process towards a convention.
Here is the unofficial full text of the resolution:

Sixty-seventh session
Third Committee
Agenda items 27 (b) and (c)

Social development: social development, including questions
relating to the world social situation and to youth, ageing,
disabled persons and the family

Follow-up to the International Year of Older Persons: Second
World
Assembly on Ageing



Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Honduras, Mexico , Nicaragua. Mali, Cuba, Guatemala, Paraguay, Senegal, South Africa, Panama, Sri Lanka, Turkmenistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Dominica, Costa Rica, Haiti, Belize: revised draft resolution (26 countries) Gabon


Towards a comprehensive and integral international legal instrument to promote and protect the rights and dignity of older persons


 The General Assembly,
           Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the obligations contained in the relevant human rights instruments,
           Reaffirming also that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[1] proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set out therein, without distinction of any kind, such as age, race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status,
           (3) Recalling all General Assembly resolutions on matters relating to older persons, including older women, beginning with resolution 2542 (XXIV) of 11 December 1969, and recalling also all relevant resolutions of the Economic and Social Council and the Commission for Social Development and the Commission on the Status of Women on the promotion and protection of the rights and dignity of older persons, as well as of the Commission on the Status of Women, as appropriate;
           Reaffirming the outcomes of the World Assembly on Ageing, held in Vienna, in 1982,[2] the United Nations Principles for Older Persons of 1991,[3] the global targets on ageing for the year 2001, as agreed in 1992,[4] and the Proclamation on Ageing of 1992,[5] as well as the outcomes of the Second World Assembly on Ageing, held in Madrid, in 2002[6] and the respective follow-up reviews, in particular as they pertain to the promotion of the rights and well-being of older persons on an equal and participatory basis,
           Recognizing that different efforts made to increase cooperation and integration and increasing awareness and sensitivity to ageing issues since the adoption of the Madrid International Plan of Action[7] by Governments, relevant bodies of the United Nations system and civil society, including non-governmental organizations and the private sector, have not been sufficient to promote full and effective participation by and opportunities for older persons in economic, social, cultural and political life,
           Recalling its resolution 65/182 of 21 December 2010, in which it decided to establish an open-ended working group, open to all States Members of the United Nations, for the purpose of strengthening the protection of the human rights of older persons by considering the existing international framework of the human rights of older persons and identifying possible gaps and how best to address them, including by considering, as appropriate, the feasibility of further instruments and measures,
(7)      Recalling also its resolution 66/127, in which it designated 15 June as World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, and invited States and relevant bodies and organizations of the United Nations system, including relevant human rights mandate holders and treaty bodies and the regional commissions, as well as intergovernmental and relevant civil society organizations, including non‑governmental organizations and the private sector, with an interest in the matter, to continue to contribute to highlighting the urgent need to eliminate all forms of abuse and violence against older persons,
           Recognizing that, by 2050, more than 20 per cent of the world’s population will be 60 years old or older, and recognizing also that the increase in the number of older persons will be greatest and most rapid in the developing world,
           (9) Recognizing also the essential contribution that the majority of older men and women can continue to make to the functioning of society if adequate guarantees, means and resources, as well as the highest possible level of health care, are in place, and that older persons must be full participants in the development process and also share its benefits,
           Reaffirming the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits and their respective follow-up reviews, in particular as they pertain to the promotion of the human rights and the well-being of older persons on an equal and participatory basis,
           Encouraged by the increasing interest of the international community in the promotion and protection of the rights and dignity of older persons in the world under a comprehensive and integral approach,
           Acknowledging that there are numerous obligations vis-à-vis older persons implicit in most core human rights treaties but that explicit references to age in core international human rights treaties are scarce, that there is no such instrument for older persons, and that only a few instruments contain explicit references to age,
           (13) Welcoming Noting the reports of the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing and welcoming the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation of older persons,[8] which states that dedicated measures to strengthen the international protection for older persons are called for without further delay, including a new dedicated international instrument; include recommendations towards a convention to remedy the existing gaps regarding older persons in the current mechanisms and instruments,
           1.       Decides that the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing, which shall be open to all member states and observers of the United Nations, shall as part of its mandate and starting from its upcoming fourth session, to be held in 2013, consider proposals for an international legal instrument to promote and protect the rights and dignity of older persons, based on the holistic approach in the work done in the fields of social development, human rights and non-discrimination, as well as gender equality and the empowerment of women, and taking into account the inputs of the Human Rights Council, the reports of the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing and the recommendations of the Commission for Social Development and the Commission on the Status of Women, as well as the contributions from the second global review and appraisal of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, to be held during the fifty-first session of the Commission for Social Development;
           2.       Requests the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing to present to the General Assembly at the earliest possible date a proposal containing, inter alia, the main elements that an international legal instrument to promote and protect the rights and dignity of older persons should include, which are not currently addressed sufficiently by existing mechanisms and therefore require further international protection;
           3.       Invites States and relevant bodies and organizations of the United Nations system, including relevant human rights mandate holders and treaty bodies and the regional commissions, as well as civil society  intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations with an interest in the matter, to make contributions to the work entrusted to the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing, as set out in paragraph 1 above, and also invites relevant Non-Governmental Organizations to contribute, as appropriate, based on the practice of the General Assembly; based on the modalities for participation agreed by the Open Ended Working Group on Aging (9);

9) A/AC.278/2011/2

           4.       Requests the Secretary-General, with the support of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Division for Social Policy and Development of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, to submit to the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing by its fourth session and within existing resources a compilation of existing international legal instruments, documents and programmes which directly or indirectly address the situation of older persons, including, inter alia, those of conferences, summits, meetings or international or regional seminars convened by the United Nations and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations;
           5.       Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing with the facilities necessary for the performance of the work entrusted to it in the present resolution;
           6.       Also requests the Secretary-General to include in the report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session under the sub-item entitled “Follow-up to the International Year of Older Persons: Second World Assembly on Ageing” comprehensive information on the implementation of this resolution

.


          [1]            Resolution 217 A (III).
          [2]            See Report of the World Assembly on Ageing, Vienna, 26 July-6 August 1982 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.82.I.16).
          [3]            Resolution 46/91, annex.
          [4]            See A/47/339, sect. III.
          [5]            Resolution 47/5, annex.
          [6]            See Report of the Second World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, 8-12 April 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.IV.4).
          [7]            Ibid., chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.
          [8]            E/2012/51 and Corr.1.


Monday, October 22, 2012

Human Rights Council Resolution on Older People's Rights


The Human Rights Council adopted a resolution on older people’s rights at its last session in Geneva, attached. This is good as it will keep older people’s rights on the Human Rights Council’s agenda.
The resolution  tasks the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR) to hold a public consultation on older people’s rights and then submit a report to the Human Rights Council next year. 
Here is the text of the resolution:


Human Rights Council
Twenty-first session
Agenda item 3
Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,
political, economic, social and cultural rights,
including the right to development
                         Angola, Argentina*, Bolivia (Plurinational State of)*, Brazil*, Burkina Faso, Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras*, Paraguay*, Peru, Qatar, Turkey*, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)*: draft resolution
                   21/…   The human rights of older persons
The Human Rights Council,
Recalling General Assembly resolution 65/182 of 21 December 2010 on the follow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing, in which the Assembly established an open-ended working group for the purpose of strengthening the protection of the human rights of older persons by considering the existing international framework of the human rights of older persons and identifying possible gaps and how best to address them, including by considering, as appropriate, the feasibility of further instruments and measures, and taking into account that no international instrument addresses specifically the promotion and protection of the human rights of older persons,
Bearing in mind the Political Declaration and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing of 2002, and relevant General Assembly resolutions,
Taking note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on the follow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing,[1]
Taking note with appreciation also of the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights of older persons,[2]
Noting with appreciation the analytical outcome paper prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner on normative standards in international human rights law,
Recalling general comment No. 6 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the economic, social and cultural rights of older persons, and general recommendation No. 27 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women on older women and the protection of their human rights, as well as other relevant documents by treaty bodies,
Conscious that older persons represent a large and growing segment of the population, and that greater attention is needed to the specific human rights challenges affecting them,
Concerned at the multiple forms of discrimination faced by older persons and the high incidence of poverty among older persons, in particular older women, people with disabilities, people of African descent, indigenous people, people belonging to minorities, rural populations and people living on the streets, among other groups particularly vulnerable to poverty,
1.       Recognizes that older persons face human rights challenges relating to civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights, such as age discrimination, long-term care, violence and abuse, social protection, adequate food and housing, decent work, access to productive resources, and legal capacity and health support, and that those challenges require in-depth analysis on normative and operational protection gaps;
2.       Also recognizes that current international mechanisms have been insufficient to promote and protect the human rights of older persons, and that dedicated measures are needed without delay;
3.       Welcomes multilateral, regional and subregional initiatives aimed at the promotion and protection of rights of older persons, including the development of normative standards;
4.       Calls upon all States to ensure the realization of all human rights for older persons, including by addressing age discrimination, neglect, abuse and violence against older persons and by providing social integration and adequate health care, bearing in mind the crucial importance of family intergenerational interdependence, solidarity and reciprocity for social development;
5.       Encourages all States to conduct their age-related policies through inclusive and participatory consultations with relevant stakeholders and social development partners in the interest of developing effective policies creating national policy ownership and consensus-building;
6.       Calls upon all States to adopt or improve national legal mechanisms dedicated to the promotion and protection of the human rights of older persons;
7.       Encourages all States to ensure that older persons receive information about their rights;
8.       Invites existing special procedures and treaty bodies to integrate, within their existing mandates, the human rights of older persons;
9.       Encourages all States to consider including in their national reports, to be submitted for the universal periodic review, information on the human rights of older persons;
10.     Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to organize, in Geneva, an intersessional public consultation on the promotion and protection of the human rights of older persons, to receive the inputs of States Members of the United Nations, relevant international organizations, United Nations agencies and stakeholders;
11.     Also requests the Office of the High Commissioner to present a summary report of the above-mentioned consultation to the Human Rights Council at its twenty-third session;
12.     Decides to continue consideration of the question of human rights of older persons at its twenty-third session.
                                      


                                *    Non-Member State of the Human Rights Council.
                     [1]   A/67/188.
                     [2]   E/2012/51.

Friday, October 5, 2012

New report on global aging in the 21st century

The world is growing old fast. In the next 10 years, the number of people over age 60 will surpass one billion.

Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge, is a landmark new report published by UNFPA and HelpAge.
It makes the case for governments, NGOs, global institutions, and civil society to fully commit to a concerted global effort to realign 21st century society to fit the realities of 21st century demographics.
Here is the link to the full report:
 

Thursday, September 27, 2012

UN OEWG - Open Ended Working Group: The Chair's Summary

The United Nations General Assembly created an Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) on Ageing in December 2010 to consider existing international framework on human rights of older persons, and identify possible gaps and how best to address them, including by considering, as appropriate, the feasibility of further instruments and measures.

Between August 21-24 the 3rd meeting of the OEWG - Open Ended Working Group of the UN for the purpose of strengthening the human rights of older persons was convened in New York.
The Chair of the group has published the summary of this meeting.
Here is the link to the full summary:

http://social.un.org/ageing-working-group/documents/Chairssummary3rdsessionOEWGfinal.pdf


Here are the closing remarks of the chair:

IV. Closing Remarks by Chair

In his closing remarks, the Chair summarized important themes and discussions addressed during the interactive panel sessions. He highlighted several proposals and suggestions that were put forward by Member States and civil society organisations.

The Chair stated that it was evident, that Member States continue to be interested in strengthening the protection of the human rights of older persons. In appreciating the opportunity to exchange views on ways to address this topic, the Chair noted diverging opinions that had emerged during the debate. Certain Member States felt strongly that the human rights of older persons are protected by existing instruments, and that focus should be placed on implementation through improved legal frameworks and building on existing national, regional and international instruments, with the understanding that the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) is sufficient to protect the human rights of older persons.

The Chair noted that some Member States focused their statements on development and the need to ensure a more comprehensive protection of the human rights of older persons. Others stated that existing treaty bodies are already constrained with heavy workload and limited timelines, and therefore, could not be further burdened with the responsibility of addressing the human rights of older persons. Some Member States suggested calling upon existing United Nations Rapporteurs, while others recommended asking for special procedures from the Human Rights Council to seek recommendations on how to better protect and promote the human rights of older persons. The Chair also noted that certain Member States, as well as civil society organisations, called for the drafting of a new international instrument; a United Nations convention on the rights of older persons, to provide a binding treaty that identifies the rights of older persons as well as the obligations of State parties to the convention.

The Chair reassured official delegations and representatives of the civil society that their viewpoints would be reflected and taken into account. He emphasised the importance of the Open-ended Working Group in that regard, as well as the need to renew its mandate to continue to explore and deliberate on options for more commonly acceptable solutions to protect and promote the enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by older persons without discrimination.

Having stated that, the Chair proposed that the future course of action on this issue be left for the Third Committee to decide at the forthcoming sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly.


Friday, August 31, 2012

Age Friendly Cities and the Law

Age friendly Cities is an international and a global initiative based on WHO's project.
Here is a short description of the project cited from the WHO web-site:
http://www.who.int/ageing/age_friendly_cities/en/

WHO Age-friendly Environments Programme

Background

In 2008, for the first time in history, the majority of the world's population lived in cities. Urban populations will continue to grow in the future. It is estimated that around 3 out of every 5 people will live in an urban area by 2030.
At the same time, as cities around the world are growing, their residents are growing older. The proportion of the global population aged 60 will double from 11% in 2006 to 22% by 2050.
Making cities and communities age-friendly is one of the most effective local policy approaches for responding to demographic ageing. The physical and social environments are key determinants of whether people can remain healthy, independent and autonomous long into their old age.
Older persons play a crucial role in their communities - they engage in paid or volunteering work, transmit experience and knowledge, and help their families with caring responsibilities. These contributions can only be ensured if they enjoy good health and if societies address their needs.

About the WHO Age-friendly Environments Programme

The WHO Age-friendly Environments Programme is an international effort to address the environmental and social factors that contribute to active and healthy ageing.
The Programme helps cities and communities become more supportive of older people by addressing their needs across eight dimensions: the built environment, transport, housing, social participation, respect and social inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication, and community support and health services.

------------------------------------
The question is how to connect the project with elder law?
The answer can be found in a serious of legal articles which argue that one can use the local arena to promote the rights of older persons. See for example the articles below:

http://www.wmitchell.edu/lawreview/Volume37/documents/Doron.pdf

http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=6614004


Saturday, August 18, 2012

UN 3rd Open-Ended Working Group on Ageing

Third working session of the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing for the purpose of strengthening the protection of the human rights of older persons
The third session of the Open-ended Working Group on Ageing will be held from Tuesday, 21, to Friday, 24 August 2012, in Conference Room 2 (NLB) at UN headquarters. Background information including documents from the UN and NGOs as well as reference material and modalities of the meeting are available online: http://social.un.org/ageing-working-group/thirdsession.shtml

Saturday, July 28, 2012

HelpAge International: Protecting the Rights of Older Persons


Protecting the Rights of Older People

10 reasons why we need to act



“Existing human rights mechanisms have lacked a systematic and comprehensive approach to the specific circumstances of older men and women”.

– Ban Ki-Moon, UN Secretary General[1]



On 21 December 2010, the United Nations General Assembly established an Open-Ended Working Group on Ageing with a mandate to identify gaps in the protection of the rights of older people and ways in which these gaps can be addressed.



Here are ten reasons why the Working Group should recommend the strengthening of legally-binding standards on the rights of older people and the development of a new protection regime:



1. The number of older people worldwide is growing at an unprecedented pace. People over sixty years of age make up an ever greater percentage of the world population. Today, 760 million people are over 60; by 2050, that number will have risen to 2 billion. Older people already outnumber young children (0-4) and will outnumber children under 15 by 2050.[2] This trend is global. Today, 65 per cent of people over 60 live in less developed countries; by 2050, 80 per cent will.[3]

2. There is no dedicated protection regime for older people’s rights. While the rights of women, children, prisoners and people with disabilities are all protected through special international conventions or standards, no such standards exist for older people despite their specific vulnerability to human rights violations.[4]



3. There are clear gaps in protections available to older people in existing human rights standards. Only one of the existing human rights instruments explicitly prohibits age discrimination. This has resulted in a failure in many countries to address the multiple forms of discrimination older people face. Specific provisions regarding issues like elder abuse, long term and palliative care, are also absent from existing human rights standards.



4. Older people’s rights are neglected in the current human rights framework. UN and regional human rights bodies have largely ignored the rights of older people. For example, of 21,353 recommendations the Human Rights Council made during the entire first round of its peer to peer human rights review process of all UN member states (known as Universal Periodic Review), only 31 recommendations referred to “elderly” people or people of “old age”.[5]  



5. Age discrimination and ageism are widely tolerated across the world. Negative ageist attitudes towards old age and older people are deeply ingrained in many societies and, unlike other forms of prejudice and discriminatory behavior, are rarely acknowledged or challenged. This leads to widespread marginalization of older people, and is at the root of their isolation and exclusion.[6]



6. Older people are highly vulnerable to abuse, deprivation and exclusion. A growing body of evidence shows that many older people face abuse and violence in their own homes, and in institutional and long term care facilities. Many are also denied the right to make decisions about their personal finances, property and medical care.[7] They are often denied social security, access to health and productive resources, work, food and housing.[8]



7. Older people hold rights but are often treated with charity instead of as rights holders. Many governments see ageing predominantly as a social welfare or development issue. This reduces older people to recipients of charity rather than people who should enjoy their rights on the same basis as everybody else. A paradigm shift is needed from a social welfare to a rights-based approach.



8. National protections of older people’s rights are inconsistent. National standards on the rights of older people are patchy and inconsistent, as are protection regimes. As a result, few countries collect data on violations of the rights of older people. Violations will continue unaddressed as long as there is a gaping lack of information on their nature, prevalence, and cause.



9. Respect for older people’s rights benefits society as a whole. Violations of the rights of older people lead to exclusion, poverty, and discrimination of older people. Yet, older people make key contributions to any society through their experience and wisdom. Better protection of the rights of older people will allow societies to better capitalize on the potential that older people represent. There is clear evidence, for example, that when older people’s right to social security is realized, there is a positive impact on reduction of poverty rates, restoration of older people’s dignity, reduction of child labour and increased enrolment in schools.[9]



10. Older people are an increasingly powerful group. Older people represent a rapidly growing constituency and are among the most loyal election participants. When they vote, they can have significant political influence.[10] Governments need to address their rights and needs or they risk losing support from this increasingly large block of voters.





Endorsed by:



HelpAge International

Human Rights Watch



[1] UN General Secretary's report, “Follow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing” in 2009, A/64/127
[2] UNDESA, World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision, http://esa.un.org/wpp/ Visited 9 July 2012
[3] UNDESA, Current Status of the Social Situation, Wellbeing, Participation in Development and Rights of Older People Worldwide, 2011, page 3
[4] Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 20 April 2012, E/2012/51, page 4
[5] Word searches and analysis were undertaken on the database of UPR-info, http://www.upr-info.org/database/  accessed July 2012.
[6] Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 20 April 2012, E/2012/51, page 7
[7] See for example, Situation of the rights of older people in all regions of the world – Report of the Secretary General, A/66/173, 2011 http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=A/66/173
[8] Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 20 April 2012, E/2012/51, page 1-12 12
[9] Knox-Vydmanov, “Social protection as development policy: social pensions in the global South”, Die Alten Der Welt: neue Wege der Alterssicherung im globalen Norden und Suden, 2011, pages 285 - 287
[10] UNDESA, Current Status of the Social Situation, Well-being, Participation in Development and Rights of Older People Worldwide, Dec 2011, page 56

Saturday, July 14, 2012

Adult & Elder Guardianship Around the World

IGN - The International Guardianship Network has just published a wonderful and most helpful web interface that includes a global perspective on adult and elder guardianship legal regimes from countries around the world. This is an excellent tool to receive a broad and comparative perspective on this important field of elder law.
The web address is:

http://www.international-guardianship.com/guardianship.htm

Friday, June 29, 2012

The 2012 European Year for Active Ageing

2012 - European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations

The year is intended to raise awareness of the contribution that older people make to society. It seeks to encourage policymakers and relevant stakeholders at all levels to take action with the aim of creating better opportunities for active ageing and strengthening solidarity between generations.

What is active ageing?

Active ageing means growing old in good health and as a full member of society, feeling more fulfilled in our jobs, more independent in our daily lives and more involved as citizens. No matter how old we are, we can still play our part in society and enjoy a better quality of life. The challenge is to make the most of the enormous potential that we harbour even at a more advanced age. The European Year 2012 seeks to promote active ageing in three areas:
Employment – as life expectancy increases across Europe, pension ages are rising, but many fear that they will not be able to stay in their current jobs or to find another job until they can retire on a decent pension. We must give older workers better chances in the labour market.
Participation in society – retiring from one's job does not mean becoming idle. The contribution of older people to society as carers for others, typically their own parents or spouses and their grandchildren is often overlooked and so is their role as volunteers. The European Year seeks to ensure greater recognition of what older people bring to society and create more supportive conditions for them.
Independent living – our health declines as we grow old, but a lot can be done to cope with this decline. And quite small changes in our environment can make a big difference to people suffering from various health impairments and disabilities. Active ageing also means empowering us as we age so that we can remain in charge of our own lives as long as possible.

EU funding

How to promote active ageing in Europe - EU support to local and regional actors

Facts and figures

Eurobarometer Special Survey on Active ageing
Eurostat - A statistical portrait of the EU 2012: Active ageing and solidarity between generations